Mentorship experiences during registrar training: reflections of Black African specialists in the Western Cape

In order to meet the significant staffing challenges to health care provision in South Africa, the need to support the training and retention of Black medical specialists has been identified. This small qualitative study aimed to explore experiences of mentorship among a group of Black medical specialists in hopes of understanding the value and potential challenges that these relationships raise. Ten Black medical specialists were interviewed about their experiences of being mentored during their registrar training. The interview data was analysed using discourse analysis, and the results comprise of three main themes, namely: Difficulty accessing mentorship, a lack of Black and/or female role models and finally, experiences of feeling excluded from soft networks. The experiences explored in this study indicate the need for open dialogue within the mentorship dyad regarding certain taken-for-granted assumptions surrounding race, so as to aid the provision of more effective and satisfying mentorship outcomes.     

Designing Graphs that Promote Both Risk Understanding and Behavior Change

Graphs show promise for improving communications about different types of risks, including health risks, financial risks, and climate risks. However, graph designs that are effective at meeting one important risk communication goal (promoting risk‐avoidant behaviors) can at the same time compromise another key goal (improving risk understanding). We developed and tested simple bar graphs aimed at accomplishing these two goals simultaneously. We manipulated two design features in graphs, namely, whether graphs depicted the number of people affected by a risk and those at risk of harm (“foreground+background”) versus only those affected (“foreground‐only”), and the presence versus absence of simple numerical labels above bars. Foreground‐only displays were associated with larger risk perceptions and risk‐avoidant behavior (i.e., willingness to take a drug for heart attack prevention) than foreground+background displays, regardless of the presence of labels. Foreground‐only graphs also hindered risk understanding when labels were not present. However, the presence of labels significantly improved understanding, eliminating the detrimental effect of foreground‐only displays. Labels also led to more positive user evaluations of the graphs, but did not affect risk‐avoidant behavior. Using process modeling we identified mediators (risk perceptions, understanding, user evaluations) that explained the effect of display type on risk‐avoidant behavior. Our findings contribute new evidence to the graph design literature: unlike what was previously feared, we demonstrate that it is possible to design foreground‐only graphs that promote intentions for behavior change without a detrimental effect on risk understanding. Implications for the design of graphical risk communications and decision support are discussed.     

人工智能背景下医疗法律责任的现实困境与完善路径

医疗人工智能利用深度学习和计算机算法等现代化技术，实现辅助诊疗、医学影像、药物发掘、健康诊疗等功能，是人工智能应用最具前景的领域之一。随着人工智能技术发展，具备自主思维和决策能力的智能机器人医生等人工智能将对现有的医疗法律责任制度带来颠覆性影响。在人工智能背景下，医疗人工智能是否具有独立法律主体地位、传统的医疗过错责任归责能否适用、因果关系如何认定等成为现代民事法律责任制度的严峻挑战，也成为实践中的必答之问。因此，在借鉴欧美人工智能领域的探索经验的基础上，在当前阶段通过修正和完善我国民事法律责任制度，提出针对不同的人工智能侵权情形适用差别化归责原则，并尝试建立人工智能强制保险或储备金制度，设置人工智能监管机构及行业标准，以实现既保障患者合法公平权益，又鼓励人工智能技术有效发展之间的平衡。     

"互联网+"时代上海高校工会新媒体建设现状及优化策略 ——网络文本分析的视角

随着互联网技术的迅猛发展,高校工会新媒体建设势在必行。上海高校工会新媒体建设在全国处于领先地位,但仍存在诸多不足。通过对105篇高校工会互联网建设相关文献和上海市66所高校工会官方网站以及微信公众号研究发现,高校工会互联网建设的相关研究主要兴起于2015年,以思辨研究为主,其中互联网环境下高校工会工作方式创新是当下最热门的研究主题;上海66所高校中有56.06%的工会建立了工会网站,但只有28.79%的工会创建了微信公众号,且主要集中在本科院校;高校工会网站基本达到"形"的完善,但普遍存在"质"不高的共性,在微信公众号运营上,近60%的高校工会只限于新闻发布和活动公告。因此,高校工会应该树立工会工作互联网思维,优化工会工作网上平台和提升工会队伍信息化能力建设。     

老年流动人口的就医行为及影响因素研究

近年来,我国老年流动人口的规模持续上升。文章使用2015年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据,从门诊治疗和住院治疗两个方面出发,使用Logit模型和Heckman两步法检验分析老年流动人口的就医行为及其影响因素。结果显示,在患小病时,70岁及以上、以家庭其他成员收入为主要收入来源、家庭人均月收入水平较高、患有高血压或糖尿病的流动老年人选择门诊就医的可能性更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在患需要住院治疗的疾病时,以离退休金/养老金为主要收入来源、自评身体健康的老年流动人口更有可能选择住院治疗。参加医疗保险的类型也对老年流动人口的就医行为存在着显著的影响。此外,外出务工、依靠子女和退休养老三类老年流动人口在门诊就医行为及其影响因素方面也存在显著差异。     

医院青年文化品牌塑造的路径探析

青年是医院的未来,引导青年医务人员树立坚定而充沛的文化自信是激发其积极性、主动性和创造性的重要方式。常州市第一人民医院以涵养文化自信为着力点打造青年文化品牌“青之源”,通过营造学习创新氛围、建设团日活动体系、搭建阅读分享平台、探索涵养青年文化自信的品牌塑造路径等方式,动力、活力、能力三源合流,为青年成长提供正向激励和人文滋养。     

大学生学科文化自信培育的价值逻辑及路径探析 ——以河北工程大学地球科学与工程学院为例

学科文化是学科的灵魂，是学科不断发展创新的精神源泉和内在动力。学科文化自信是文化自信的重要组成部分，培育大学生文化自信应着眼全局，整体推进。学科文化自信与文化自信具有统一性，与核心价值观培育具有同构性，与担当民族复兴大任具有生成性。培育大学生学科文化自信，要深入挖掘和整合学科文化内涵，不断创新和发展培育手段，最终达到浸润和形塑博学自信的新时代大学生的目标。学科文化自信的培育可以达到激发学生学术热情，促进学生和学科全面发展，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，坚定理想信念以及践行使命担当的效用。     

The case of vegetovascular dystonia: inventing the most common Soviet disease

ABSTRACT

The paper considers the case of vegetovascular dystonia, one of the most typical and common “Soviet” diseases. This syndrome emerged in Soviet medicine after World War II, and very quickly become a popular diagnosis among physicians. The author describes how the construct of vegetovascular dystonia was formed and developed, what changes it underwent, and what affected those changes. The concept and history of vegetovascular dystonia can provide an understanding of Soviet medicine and health science in general.     

"互联网+"背景下高校体育教学改革策略研究

阐述“互联网+教育”给高校体育教学在教学理念、教学形态、交流方式所带来的积极影响；指出“互联网+”背景下高校体育教学改革的策略，构建高校体育信息化平台，实践立体化混合教学模式，建立多元化客观评价体系，挖掘网络资源，构建高效课堂，旨在为教育信息化背景下高校体育教学改革提供有益探索。     

大学生参与社会实践活动意愿实证分析与提升路径

参与社会实践活动对大学生成长成才具有重要现实意义和成效，然而当前社会实践活动大学生的参与率相对较低。在对福建省四所高校大学生参与社会时间活动意愿问卷调查的基础上，就影响大学生参与社会实践意愿的因素进行了实证分析，认为是否为学生干部、是否熟悉参与方式及家人是否支持正是影响大学生参与社会实践的三大要素。相应地，在实际工作中，加强宣传协同优化社会实践环境、改变学生家长教育观念争取支持、创新形式多元筹集经费支持等举措，实为拓宽大学生社会实践参与路径之关健。